英语中句子的成分构成有以下9种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语、同位语、独立成分。其中，主要成分是主语和谓语，其他成分为次要成分。
（1）、主语 + 谓语
（2）、主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
（3）、主语 + 系动词 + 表语
（4）、主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 +宾语补足语
（5）、主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
充当主语的一般是：名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、主语从句、名词性短语等
The sun rises in the east.
The villagers didn't realize how serious the pollution was until the fish in the river died.
（1）、人称代词作主语。
人称代词作主语用主格。含有than和as的比较级句子中than和as后可用主格/宾格。
He is taller than me = He is taller than I.
但不适用于as much as等短语。
I like Tom as much as her = I like both Tom and her.
I like Tom as much as she = I like Tom and she likes him, too.
在两个以上的人称代词并列时，次序排列为：you - he - I 。
You, she and I will be in charge of the case.
（2）、名词性物主代词作主语
-May I use your pen ?
-Yours works better.
（3）、反身代词本身不能单独作主语。
I myself drive the car.
（4）、指示代词作主语
This is the way to do it.
These are my teachers.
（5）、不定代词作主语
Some are doctors, some are nurses.
All goes well.
None of the questions is / are easy to solve.
None of the work is easy to finish.
It is + adj. + of sb.(人的属性) / for sb. (物的属性) + to do sth.
It is + 名词 + for/of sb. + to do sth.
It is a great honor for us to be invited to the party.
Ten out of 100 Americans are over 65.
Seeing is believing.
Smoking is habit difficult to break.
To do morning exercises is good for your health.
That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
Whom we must study for is a question of great important.
Study methods for everyone are different.
（1）、The + adj : 表示一类人。具有复数含义。
如：young、old、rich、poor、sick、healthy、living、dead、unemployed。
The poor get poorer, the rich get richer.
（2）、The + adj : 表示一类人，具有单数含义。
the + accused 被告人；the unexpected 意外的事。
（3）、The + 表示国籍的adj
The French like to eat well.
（4）、The + 颜色-s
the blacks 黑人；the whites 白人。
宾语位于及物动词/介词之后，一般作宾语的是：名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句。
Show me your tickets, please.(名词、代词)
She didn't say anything.(代词)
How many do you want? I want two.(数词)
They sent the injured to the hospital.(名词化的形容词)
I decided to go shopping.(不定式)
I enjoy working with you.(动名词)
Did you write down what you said?(宾语从句)
定语用于修饰名词、代词、从句。定语在句子里的作用相当于一个形容词。
前置定语：不定代词、形容词、名词、数词、量词、冠词、形容词性代词。
后置定语：过去分词、不定式、形容词性短语、副词、介词短语、定语从句、同位语从句。
多个定语的词序：限定词（数量）+ 外观（美丽）+ 形状（大小、高矮、肥瘦）+ 年龄 + 颜色 + 国籍 + 材料 + 用途。
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.(介词短语)
It is a ball pen.(名词)
The boy there needs a pen.(副词)
There is nothing to do today.(不定式)
The pen bought by her is made in China.(过去分词)
He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.(定语从句)
